The article analyzes the challenges associated with demographic aging of the population, referred to as the "silver tsunami". The key social, economic and infrastructural problems faced by the older generation are considered, including financial vulnerability, lack of geriatric care, social isolation and lack of an accessible environment. The article analyzes international ratings of pension systems, features of pension provision in Russia and other countries, as well as modern trends in social policy, such as the development of the "silver economy", volunteer movements and educational programs for the elderly. Particular attention is paid to the need for a comprehensive approach to supporting people of the third age, integrating best international practices and expanding the participation of society and business in solving the problems of aging. It is concluded that only joint efforts of the state, society and business will allow us to adequately respond to the challenges of the "silver tsunami" and turn the third age into a period of new opportunities. 

Key words: demographic aging, retirement age, social security, "silver tsunami", pension system, geriatrics, active longevity, quality of life of the elderly, corporate pensions, educational programs for the elderly.

 

Since the start of the active election campaign in 2023 for the post of the President of the United States, the main leitmotif of speeches among Republicans and Democrats has been “saving America.” Both sides have frightened citizens with inevitable tyranny if the “enemy” candidate wins.

Key words: countries, political science, civil opinion, Republicans, conflict, parties.

 

This article examines the formation and promotion of a personal brand from the perspective of psychological and socio-cultural factors that have an impact. The methods of personal brand promotion were also reviewed and their effectiveness was reviewed. This study tries to analyze the factors influencing the formation of a personal brand and its promotion in the context of technological progress, such as: psychological aspects (self-perception), archetypes and their influence on the formation of a personal brand, socio-cultural trends for the perception of personal branding in the digital market. In the process of studying the problem, logical analysis methods were used. It is concluded that in the era of digital development, when forming a personal brand, it is worth taking into account psychological and socio-cultural aspects, which in turn affect both the brand owner and consumers. Compliance with these factors will have a positive impact on promotion, and I will build a good reputation that will set my personal brand apart from competitors. 

Key words: personal brand, promotion, formation, psychology, socio-cultural influence, development, modern technologies, social networks, individuality, image, reputation, self-improvement, content marketing.

 

The article examines the reasons for putting the health insurance reform in the United States in the first place as part of Donald Trump's election strategy for the 2016 presidential election. The background of the issue is shown, the motives and reasons for the fact that, despite the success of the reform carried out by Democratic President Barack Obama, voters' dissatisfaction with the healthcare system was skillfully directed by Trump's headquarters against the Democrats themselves.

Key words: US elections, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, health insurance, Obamacare, Barack Obama, primaries, 2016 elections, Medicaid, healthcare reform.

 

The article examines the collections of S.D. Mainagashev, collected by the researcher during ethnographic expeditions to the Minusinsk and Achinsk counties in 1913-1914. Currently, the collections are kept in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great (Kunstkamera) in St. Petersburg and there are 3 clothing and 4 photo-negative collections. The ethnographic subjects of S.D. Mainagashev have so far been little studied and published and require full publication, which characterize the traditional costume, beliefs, rituals of the ethnic groups of Khakass, Kachin, Sagai and Kyzyl. 

Key words: S.D. Mainagashev, ethnographic trip, Minusinsk and Achinsk foreigners.

 

It is necessary to revive folk traditions, crafts, which will allow preserving it for descendants. This is a culture, traditions, customs, crafts, which are recognized by modern society as a factor in the continuity of generations, familiarization with national life sources. The functions of traditional culture in the development and education of youth are high and ambiguous.

The culture of Kuban is unique. There are places due to their emotional impact, grace attracted, concentrated peoples and states.

The ethno-artistic culture of the Kuban Cossacks as an active creative phenomenon has enormous potential for cultural creativity, it is able to outpace the current states of consciousness, have a reverse effect on the life, civilization process. In this regard, the development of new approaches in the process of studying a particular culture is of particular importance today.

Key words: culture, home, estate, hut, decoration, farmstead, traditions, Cossacks.

 

In a transforming society, there is an increase in negative phenomena among young people. These include "double standards", the destruction of absolute values in both the ethical and aesthetic spheres. In the new reality in which our society found itself after the end of the "dashing 90s", a return to the roots, the actualization of moral and aesthetic values, norms and regulations contained in the Scriptures seem extremely important and relevant. The socio-cultural Orthodox factor, along with others, predetermines the complex, syncretic structure of Russian culture with a variety of ideals and moral values that make it up. A special focus is on the spiritual and moral ideals of the youth themselves, as well as issues of the relationship between tradition and modernity. To achieve this, it is necessary to creatively rework the experience of domestic theologians and representatives of religious-idealistic philosophy, adapting it to the transformational post-Soviet society existing in the external environment of a postmodern, secularized, morally and aesthetically relativistic world. In this article, it seems possible to highlight a new qualitative level of understanding by young people of the Orthodox tradition as a factor in spiritual and moral education through rethinking the religiously traditional past in the modern socio-cultural context. Thus, the authors of this material determine new opportunities in the spiritual development of youth. The authors believe that it is especially important to find specific forms and methods of transmitting Orthodox moral and aesthetic values to modern youth who have found themselves at a spiritual crossroads.

Key words: transforming society, negative phenomena, value absolutes, spiritual and moral education, biblical values, religious education, youth environment, return to roots, active life position.

 

In the «Introduction» the formulated goal of research is to identify the most vivid culture types oriented towards life or death among the diverse world ones. The aim there is to solve a number of tasks: to identify and briefly characterize these types and to divide modern cultures according to their belonging to different types. The «theoretical part» contains an analysis of textual material on a number of specific - historical types of cultures. The part «Findings and conclusion» argues that none of the world’s religions nor any of the developed national ones (Judaism, Hinduism, etc.) preaches death. Modern Western and Russian culture is oriented to life «here and now». Islamic countries are more centered on religious foundations and the notion of the eternal life. Among the relatively modern death cultures, the culture of Nazi Germany, Poltrotsky Kampuchea and present - day Ukraine stand out. Their main characteristics are neurotic attachment to the Mother Earth; reference to the past; fantasmatic scenarios of the future and setting for the complete destruction of their own people and their own created culture.

Key words: culture, life, death, religion, Mother Earth, past, samurai, Nazis, «red Khmer», Cossacks.

 

The aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of Chopin’s piano études as a synthesis of technical mastery and artistic poetics. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to consider the following aspects:

• a historical and stylistic analysis of the études’ creation;

• their role within the system of piano genres;

• the expressive and technical devices used in selected works;

• the specifics of interpretative and performance approaches to these compositions.

The relevance of the topic lies in the enduring interest from both professional musicians and researchers in Chopin’s work, in his innovative approach to piano writing, and in the subtle psychological depth embedded even in études that serve seemingly technical purposes.

Key words: Chopin, etude, theme, musical piece, technical task.

 

The article presents the author's view on the concept of geobranding in the Republic of Karelia. The analysis of identity elements, based on the natural and historical development of the territory, made it possible to determine the cultural code and formulate directions for the potential development of the region's brand. Special attention is paid to the development of visual identity and directions of promotion of the territorial brand of the Republic of Karelia among the main target groups.

Key words: geo-branding, territory, identity, cultural code, visual identity, Republic of Karelia.

 

An obsession with a scientific idea instilled in the inquisitive mind of a child by talented schoolteachers can become a lifelong pursuit for a person and lead to impressive scientific results. Penetration into the secrets of a living cell runs like a red thread through the entire research activity of a unique scientist: a doctor and an opera singer, Sergei Vaganovich Shushardzhan. A deep knowledge of the natural scientific laws of the biological system and the effects of music on a living organism, as well as his own experience of psychophysiological sound effects allowed S.V. Shushardzhan came to interesting scientific discoveries located at the junction of music and medicine. Shushardzhan was a worthy follower of the work of famous Russian scientists of the XIX – early XX century, who studied the process of the influence of music and creativity on the biological organism (V.M. Bekhterev, I.M. Dogel, I.M. Sechenov, I.R. Tarkhanov, etc.). The significance of S.V. Shushardzhan's research lies in the fact that he, firstly, continued The tradition of interdisciplinary collaboration between musicians and doctors, founded by V.M. Bekhterev, was interrupted in 1927.; Secondly, he presented and substantiated it at the modern scientific and technological level of knowledge. And finally, thanks to the scientist's work, new scientific directions such as scientific music therapy and cellular acoustics have emerged.

Key words: musical art, scientific music therapy, living cell, cellular acoustics, S.V. Shushardzhan.

 

This article examines the phenomenon of the collective exhibition "Horror", held in August 2025 in Petropavl (Northern Kazakhstan), as a significant event within the context of the development of contemporary Kazakhstani art. The analysis focuses on its departure from traditional notions of the horror genre towards its sociocritical and psychotherapeutic reinterpretation. Drawing on the works of the project's participants, the article argues that "horror" was employed by the artists as a tool for reflecting on collective traumas, social ills, and personal existential fears relevant to contemporary Kazakhstani society. The exhibition is interpreted as an act of artistic resistance to a clichéd positive discourse and an important step in the formation of an independent art scene in the regions of Kazakhstan.

Key words: contemporary art of Kazakhstan, social horror, cultural trauma, artistic underground, visual research, art and therapy, regional art process.

 

The article examines the works of art by the Berlin Dadaist R. Haussmann from the point of view of the intermediality of the artistic experience he offers. Berlin Dadaism emphasized its interest in the political life of the country, and also advocated a revolution in culture. Thus, Dadaist works became political statements that were supposed to accelerate the changes desired by Dadaists. The way these works are arranged, what fundamentally new experience the Dadaists have proposed compared to the previous canon of art, is a controversial topic and has only been receiving the necessary reflection in the last few years. The author of the article refers to R. Housman's photomontage in order to trace the specifics of its machinery from the point of view of media. Since it was important for Dadaists to restore the integrity of man and his perception of the world, which, according to Dadaists, was destroyed by the First World War, their artistic concept presupposed a reassembly of the idea of art synthesis. Therefore, the methods of working with the source in the article are multimodal analysis (B. Dicks), sound semiotics (A. Ryasov), visual analysis (J. Rose), as well as research on intermediality (O. Hansen-Lowe, I. Kondakov). As a result, the author analyzes the specifics of the functioning of the Dadaist work of art and the mediums inside it, actualizes the problematic perception of his artistic experience for our times.

Key words: dadaism, intermediality, sound, voice, avant-garde, Raoul Hausmann.

 

This article analyzes two iconic works by the Russian artist of German origin Fyodor Antonovich Moller: the paintings The Kiss and The Girl with the Ring. These paintings, which are an important part of Russian art of the 19th century, are examined in order to determine their unique artistic style. The study demonstrates how Moller's works skillfully combine features of the two main trends in European painting of this period: Biedermeier and salon art. Biedermeier, characterized by chamberness, intimate lyricism and great attention to the details of everyday life, is manifested in the warmth and spontaneity of the depicted scenes. At the same time, the influence of salon art with its desire for academicism, narrative and external effectiveness can be traced in the expressiveness of the compositions under consideration and the manner of their execution. The article examines in detail the plot and content features of the canvases, their compositional and coloristic techniques, emphasizing Moller's skill in conveying the emotional depth and external attractiveness of the images. Particular attention is paid to the history of the acquisition of these works by the Russian imperial court, which speaks of their high artistic value and recognition during the artist's lifetime. The analysis allows us to better understand Moller's contribution to the development of genre painting in Russia.

Key words: Moller, Nicholas I, Russian Imperial Court, 19th century, Biedermeier, salon art, genre painting.

 

The article considers the obstacles that led to the construction of the Chesme Palace for Catherine II. The palace is usually regarded to be the empress's travel chateau. However, it was almost never used in this way; the empress stopped visiting it several years after the construction. The role of a travel chateau contradicts its hasty building, magnificent decoration and the fact that the only play by the empress, dedicated specifically to a palace, was dedicated just to this one. It can be assumed that the hasty construction of the palace complex was caused by the soon coming adulthood of Catherine’s heir Paul. The empress was afraid of being removed from power and if so, hoped the palace would become her home and the main residence. However, the heir did not take any steps to seize the throne, and the new palace turned out to be unnecessary in its originally intended role. The same situation can also explain the change of the palace name in order to hide the original purpose of its construction.

Key words: Chesme Palace, St. Petersburg Gothic, Catherine II and Paul, English models in Petersburg architecture.

 

This article focuses on the contemporary interaction between Russian and Chinese theatrical cultures. It explores the historical foundations of cooperation, including the influence of Konstantin Stanislavsky’s system on Chinese theatre, and analyzes modern forms of theatrical dialogue such as co-productions, festivals, academic exchanges, and online projects. Special attention is given to the challenges of intercultural adaptation of theatrical methods, the role of educational and cultural institutions, and the opportunities available to young actors, directors, and playwrights. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of theatre as a form of humanitarian dialogue and outlines perspectives for further research in this field.

Key words: theatre, culture, Russia, China, Stanislavsky, intercultural dialogue, acting, theatre education, international cooperation.

 

Recent decades have seen increased attention to the unique heritage of Chinese culture – lacquer painting, which, despite the transformations determined by globalization processes, preserves the traditions of historically established art. The study of the work of Cai Kezhen, whose lacquer works testify to the socio-cultural transformations of the artistic process, allows us to analyze the ontological characteristics of creative acts that reveal the so-called "spirit of the era". Being one of the key figures in the modern stage of development of the national art of lacquer painting, the artist turns to everyday scenes, recording social practices that illustrate the peculiarities of the people's worldview. Elements of innovation in the work of Cai Kezhen associated with the use of the "wuxianqi" technique allow us to consider the features of his works in an interdisciplinary manner, combining the results of knowledge in the fields of art history, cultural studies, history, anthropology and sociology, expanding our understanding of the nature of Chinese culture in the 20th-21st centuries. The relevance of the topic and theoretical novelty of this study are justified by the absence of domestic works devoted to the work of Cai Kezhen as a phenomenon that reveals the features of the artistic form of representation of the culture of everyday life in China, allowing us to consider the artist's activities as acts of cultural diplomacy between Russia, China and Vietnam.

Key words: Cai Kezhen, China, Vietnam, wuxianqi, modern technologies of Far Eastern lacquer painting, culture of everyday life, representation.

 

This article offers a comprehensive study of theater as a mythologeme, tracing its evolution from archaic rituals to digital forms of the 21st century. Special attention is paid to the dialectic between traditional mythological structures and contemporary transformations of theatrical language. The work analyzes how auteur theater (Brecht, Artaud, Kantor) and digital technologies reinterpret archetypal narratives, creating new forms of theatricality. The methodological framework includes comparative historical analysis, semiotics, and media theory.

Key words: theater, mythologeme, archetype, cultural narrative, digitalization, auteur theater, postdrama, ritual, liminality, corporeality.

 

The development of civic activity of modern youth is an important socio-cultural problem, which is in the field of scientific attention and practice of working with this age group. The development of civic activity of youth can be considered as a condition for the successful and effective development of society. Of particular importance for the development of civic activity are cultural and leisure programs of patriotic orientation for young people, the potential of which is substantiated in this article. The authors address the phenomenon of cultural and leisure programs in the aspect of education and personality formation, show their complex impact on the emotional sphere of young people with subsequent positive influence on the formation of an active civic position. It is concluded that in the practice of working with young people in the sphere of free time, it is advisable to activate cultural and leisure programs of patriotic orientation, which form a whole complex of value-oriented qualities of an active citizen of society and a caring person ready for transformative activities in the name of this society.

Key words: youth, cultural and leisure programs of patriotic orientation, leisure time, civic activity, patriotic personal qualities.

 

Sound culture encompasses a wide range of problem fields, including acoustic communication, the phenomenon of noise, field recording, sonic memory and its preservation, auditory technological culture, acoustic ecology, and sound art, some of which are examined in detail in this article. The paper explores sonic phenomena and technologies, sociocultural practices, and ways of listening to the sonic environment, along with listener competencies in analyzing, preserving, and reproducing sound culture.

Another significant direction of the study is the examination of technical “extensions of hearing”, from the first sound recording devices to contemporary digital audio recording and field practices.

The research integrates theoretical developments in philosophy, media theory, history of science, and cultural anthropology, offering a conceptual foundation for further exploration of sound culture. The study aims to shape a terminological framework necessary for analyzing sonic phenomena in the context of contemporary social, technological, and artistic domains, and to identify potential pathways for the institutionalization of sound studies in the Russian academic context.

Key words: sound culture, noise, listening, field recording, sound recording, sound studies, cultural memory.

 

This article explores the perception and adaptation of the key concept of Konstantin Stanislavsky’s system — “living truth” — within the context of Chinese theatrical culture. It examines the historical stages of Chinese theatre’s encounter with Stanislavsky’s methods, the distinctive features of traditional Chinese acting, and the philosophical differences that influence the interpretation of stage authenticity. Special attention is paid to the cultural limitations and transformations that arise when integrating the Western psychological approach into Chinese stage practice. The article highlights the importance of intercultural dialogue and the search for a new synthesis of acting techniques.

Key words: Stanislavsky, living truth, Chinese theatre, cultural code, psychological realism, tradition, Confucianism, Daoism, acting technique.

 

The construction of new liberal arts has put forward increasingly high requirements for the cross integration and systematic collaboration of the curriculum system in higher education institutions. As a frontier university with prominent regional advantages and distinctive educational characteristics, Heihe University should first clarify the goal of comprehensively learning Longjiang culture as the curriculum group, and take the spirit of Longjiang in the new era as the guide. It is necessary to not only attach importance to the establishment and optimization of basic knowledge courses, but also strengthen the compatibility and collaboration of cross integration courses, while highlighting the development and training of practical courses, so as to achieve the application of knowledge and cultivate high-level applied talents serving regional economic development.

Key words: New liberal arts construction, Longjiang culture, Curriculum group, Curriculum system of higher education institutions, Heihe University, Applied talents.

 

In the context of the deep integration of all-for-one tourism and digital technology, short videos have become the core medium for urban image dissemination due to their fragmented, strong visual, and highly interactive characteristics. This article takes Harbin as the research object to explore the mechanism and core path of short videos in shaping its urban image. Research has found that short videos construct a communication logic of "instant empathy co construction precise outreach" through emotional capture of fragmented scenes, diverse narratives of UGC content, and algorithm driven traffic games. Through symbolic expression, emotional mobilization, and virtual real space interaction, they transform urban physical spaces into cultural symbols, construct collective memory and identity recognition, promote the reproduction of urban spatial meaning, and provide path references for the scientific dissemination of urban image in the context of all-for-one tourism.

Key words: all-for-one tourism, Short video dissemination, Harbin, Urban image shaping.

 

The article explores Orientalism as a specific worldview that shaped the perception of the East in Western culture and art from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The aim of the study is to identify the historical foundations, major stages, and transformations of Orientalist discourse, as well as to analyze its impact on artistic practices. The research applies cultural and historical-analytical methods, with reference to the works of Edward Said and later post-Orientalist scholars. The results demonstrate that Orientalism was not only a form of artistic exoticization of the East but also part of a broader Western ideological project connected with colonial expansion and processes of globalization. Special attention is given to artistic interpretations in painting, architecture, and applied arts, where the East was represented as an “Other” space—both fascinating and subordinated. The conclusion emphasizes that the rise of post-Orientalist and postcolonial discourses has challenged earlier stereotypes, fostering the possibility of a more equal intercultural dialogue. Thus, the article contributes to understanding the dynamics of cultural interactions and can be useful in the study of globalization, cross-cultural communication, and the representation of the East in art.

Key words: orientalism, post-orientalism, culture, art, representation, East and West, colonialism, globalization, identity.

 

The establishment of the legal status of the subjects of this type of legal relationship is of great importance in the medical care system. In turn, the legal status of these subjects establishes their rights and obligations. This article discusses the legal status of the subjects of medical care, which include individuals who provide medical assistance and individuals who receive such assistance.

Key words: medical service, medical assistance, medical activity, patient, medical service provider.

 

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the active development and penetration of digital technologies and electronic systems into human daily life has led to the emergence of the concept of "digital footprint". The legal regulation of the digital footprint is becoming critically important in the light of the large-scale accumulation of personal data. Commercial companies and government agencies are actively using credit scoring algorithms and other methods of assessing citizens, which underlines the need to create reliable legal mechanisms in a modern society where information technology plays a crucial role. The legal aspects of digital identity face the lack of a clear regulatory framework in Russian legislation.

Key words: artificial intelligence, digital profile, digital footprint, neural network, law.

 

This article focuses on the features of the contract for the provision of medical services for a fee, and provides a detailed analysis of these features. This type of contract has emerged in the legal sphere of civil society due to the active development of the market economy and, consequently, the service market. Based on the analysis of Russian legislation, the article presents a theoretical concept of the contract for the provision of medical services for a fee.

Key words: contract, terms of the contract, medical services, contractor, patient, customer, price of the contract, subject of the contract, term of the contract, remuneration.

 

The article is devoted to the historical and symbolic significance of travel wardrobe, reflecting the spirit of a certain era and performing both practical and symbolic functions. The author analyzes the evolution of travel clothing from ancient times, when outfits and amulets served as protection and a sign of social status, to modern technological and environmentally friendly materials. The article examines the mythological patrons of the road in different cultures, the influence of cultural and social aspects on the choice and symbolism of travel clothing in different historical periods. Particular attention is paid to the combination of functionality and symbolism in travel wardrobe, as well as modern trends in sustainable fashion and conscious consumption. The work emphasizes the important role of travel clothing as a means of self-expression and adaptation to travel conditions.

Key words: travel wardrobe, history of costume, symbolism of clothing, functionality, travel, mythology of the road, sustainable fashion, technological fabrics, cultural traditions, social status.

 

Architectural heritage is a key element of national identity, and wooden architecture is its most unique and expressive part. Russia stands out for its world-renowned wooden architecture, which reflects the traditions and worldview of its people, as well as its core cultural values. This study focuses on the sociocultural aspects of museum advertising, particularly in the context of Russian architecture. The article analyzes the organization of thematic excursions related to historical events for the target audience, compares traditional and innovative presentation methods, and provides an overview of current trends in popular culture, using the examples of the Museum of Political History of Russia in St. Petersburg, in order to determine the potential of advertising activities in the process of preserving cultural heritage.

Key words: architecture, cultural heritage, national identity, museums, advertising, public relations, quest.

 

In the context of rapid development of information technologies and globalization, the information sphere is becoming increasingly important for ensuring national security, economic prosperity, and social well-being. Russia, recognizing the importance of protecting its information resources and infrastructure, is undertaking comprehensive measures to create a secure and resilient information environment. As part of state policy, particular attention is paid to developing legislation, improving legal mechanisms, and creating conditions for effective counteraction to cyber threats, cybercrime, and other types of information threats. However, in practice, there are a number of problems that hinder the implementation of these goals, which we will examine in this article.

Key words: cybersecurity, critical infrastructure of the Russian Federation, legislation, regulatory acts, cyber threats, cyberattacks, information security, regulatory framework, state programs, automated control systems.

 

The aim of the study is to investigate the physiological and clinical features of the "sports heart" phenomenon in highly trained individuals. The study involved athletes and a control group. ECG, echocardiography, heart rate variability (HRV), laboratory blood tests, and questionnaires were used. The results showed the presence of bradycardia, eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated CK-MB values in the absence of pathological signs. These findings confirm that the "sports heart" is a variant of physiological normality in athletes.

Key words: sports heart, myocardial hypertrophy, ECG, heart rate, HRV, adaptation, athletes, survey.

 

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1826) is a figure significant not only for Russian literature, but also for journalism. His contribution to the development of Russian journalism is enormous, and in many ways determined its further path. This article examines in detail the activities of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin as a journalist using the example of his main journalistic projects, such as Moskovsky Zhurnal and Vestnik Evropy. Karamzin as a journalist played a key role in the formation and development of Russian journalism. He created a new type of literary magazine focused on original Russian literature, worked to improve the literary language and popularized reading in Russian society. His contribution to Russian culture cannot be overestimated. He was not just a journalist, but the creator of a new era in Russian literature and journalism. In 1791, Karamzin began his career as a journalist. Russian Russian literature is becoming an important milestone in the history of Russian literature. Karamzin founded the first Russian literary magazine, the founding father of the current "thick" magazines, Moskovsky Zhurnal. A number of collections and almanacs are published on its pages: "Aglaya", "Aonida", "Pantheon of Foreign Literature", "My trinkets". These publications made sentimentalism the main literary trend in Russia at the end of the 19th century, and Karamzin became its recognized leader.

Key words: Karamzin the journalist, Russian journalism, Russian culture, Russian literature, Moscow Magazine, Pantheon of Foreign Literature, Vestnik Evropy.

 

This research aims to provide reference for improving China's hydro-ecological legislation through an in-depth comparison of the hydro-ecological legislative situations in China and Russia. The research uses the literature research method to systematically sort out the development context of hydro-ecological legislation in China and Russia, and analyzes the characteristics and background of legislation in different periods from the initial stage, development to the improvement stage. At the same time, the comparative analysis method is adopted to carefully compare the legislative provisions of the two countries in terms of water resource protection, water pollution prevention and control, water ecological restoration, etc., revealing the differences and commonalities. In addition, with the help of case analysis, the implementation effects of the legislation of the two countries in law enforcement and judicial practice are analyzed, and the political, economic and cultural reasons behind the differences in effects are discussed. The study finds that Russia has lessons to learn in terms of water pollution prevention and control standards and public participation mechanisms. This research is of great significance for improving China's hydro-ecological legislation, enhancing the level of hydro-ecological protection, and promoting China-Russia hydro-ecological cooperation.

Key words: China and Russia, Hydro – ecology, Legislative situation, Comparative study, Legislative improvement.

 

Companies, in a market economy, all over the world are actively competing for the attention, time and money of consumers. Corporations invest significant amounts in advertising. Everyone strives to stand out from the competition, be remembered, become more famous and popular. At the same time, certain symbols that can affect a person periodically appear in advertising materials.

The purpose of this work is to trace the trend of using the "Triangle" symbol in advertising design, to identify the characteristic features and features accompanying the use of the symbol.

In this study, the "Triangle" symbol in advertising design from 2014 to 2024 is considered as a subject. Advertising distributed by analog and digital means is considered. Methods used in the study: artistic and design analysis, iconic analysis, content analysis and others accepted in art criticism within the framework of technical aesthetics and design.

As a result, conclusions were made about the design features of advertising aimed at promoting a brand and its products: the use of those advertising images where the “triangle” symbol is found.

Key words: design, advertising, "triangle" symbol, symbol, symbolism, trend, advertising design.

 

The field of "theology of religions" began to actively develop within the framework of Christian theology in the second half of the 20th century. The subject of comparative theology is the understanding of the fact of the existence of other religions and the formation of attitudes towards them in terms of determining the degree of their truth and salvation. The article analyzes the model of theology of religions, which was proposed by the Catholic theologian Jacques Dupuis (1923-2004). This concept has been called "inclusive pluralism" or the "trinitarian Christological model" of theology of religions. Dupuis managed to create an original, complete, logically coherent model of theology of religions, which maintains a balance between adherence to church tradition and an open, respectful attitude towards non-Christian religions. To understand the ideological foundations and various elements of the theory of inclusive pluralism, the article examines Dupuis's review of various pre-existing approaches in the field of theology of religions, which was presented in his main book "Towards a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism". Dupuy's concept can be used to harmonize relations, strengthen peace and develop mutual understanding between followers of different religions.

Key words: theology of religions, Catholicism, J. Dupuis, inclusive pluralism, interreligious dialogue.

 

The history of temple architecture is closely connected with fine arts, sculpture, and decorative and applied arts. In this article, we will explore the origins of temple painting. The beginning of the emergence and the main trends in the development of temple painting in the Middle Ages in Byzantium and Europe. After the art of Byzantium came to the Russian land, it gave a boost to the development of Russian art. After the liberation from the Tatar-Mongol invasion, a new rise of Russian art began. After the reforms of Peter the Great, temple art took a sharp turn towards realism. The publication examines the transformations of the content of pictorial subjects in the context of the combination of biblical and realistic elements. 

The work outlines the main stages of the development of temple painting as a specific type of art, revealing their semantic transformations and styles of creating artistic images. The historical analysis covers the periods from the emergence of this type of painting to the early 20th century.

The purpose of this work is to provide a historical analysis of the stages of the development of temple painting. The object of our research is the stages of the development of temple painting, and the subject is the specific features of this type of art.

Key words: temple painting, icon painting, Byzantine style, Romanesque style, Gothic style, Pskov school, Vladimir-Suzdal school of painting, parsuna, academic style, Roerich, Vasnetsov.