Ulturgasheva N.D.
Chap A.A.
Alekseeva A.G.

Tuvan small-form sculpture: from toys and ritual figurines to works of art

The article examines the development of Tuvan small-form sculpture, also known as small plastic; from its origins in the form of wooden toys and ritual figurines to works of professional art. The historical, cultural and technological aspects of the formation of stone-cutting art in the twentieth century are analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the dual function of these figurines in the past – a toy and a ritual object, as well as their importance as one of the region's brands in the modern artistic and cultural space.
Key words: Tuva, small-form sculpture, artistic carving, folk art, traditions, ritual figurines, toy.

Maltseva L.V.

Ethno-artistic culture of the Kuban cossacks (traditional crafts of Kuban)

Currently, there is growing interest in folk crafts and decorative and applied arts in the Kuban region. The interconnection of oral folk art has been demonstrated, and it is necessary to preserve it and pass it on to future generations. It is important to pass on the secrets and skills of traditional folk art of the Kuban region. Therefore, teaching students about folk crafts begins in the classes of visual arts. The development of the individual and the formation of ideals play a major role in this. Visual art is one of the most beloved activities. This work requires artistic abilities, knowledge, and skills in the field of visual literacy and decorative and applied arts; a large store of visual images and impressions is necessary, as well as a creative imagination. Getting acquainted with new concepts and opportunities in itself arouses interest, increases motivation, and boosts confidence in one’s own abilities.
Key words: ethno artistic culture of the Cossacks, folk crafts, skills, creativity, Cossacks, education, upbringing.

Mironov A.V.
Sadrieva A.N.

A literary community on the VKontakte social network as a means of shaping participants cultural identity

Amid the digital transformation of Russian society, traditional cultural institutions are losing their monopoly on shaping the cultural identity of modern Russians. Digital formats for transmitting spiritual values, cultural norms, and interaction practices are becoming increasingly significant. At the same time, it is essential to strike a balance between the trends of digital globalization and the traditional values of Russian society.
The literary-centric nature historically characteristic of Russian culture can serve as a foundation for a profound exploration of challenging issues in social and cultural life. Thanks to new digital formats – such as virtual literary communities – individuals from diverse fields of knowledge, professions, and age groups can be drawn into a philosophical dialogue.
The aim of our study is to identify and substantiate the mechanisms underlying the transmission of spiritual values and the formation of cultural identity among participants in the “Once, Fet” virtual literary community on the VKontakte social network.
Drawing on discourse analysis, we demonstrate how the community’s thematic sections – which structure literary content – and its participatory formats – which engage followers in the community’s life – facilitate the transformation of classical knowledge into contemporary social practices, create a space for dialogue, and shape the participants cultural identity.
Key words: virtual community, literary community, VKontakte social network, spiritual values, cultural identity, participatory practices, literary-centrism, Afanasy Fet.

Sergeeva E.A.

From the history of the formation of the conservative education system in Russia

This article examines the formation and development of the conservatory education system in Russia from the mid-19th century to the present. It addresses the lack of a comprehensive, systematized overview of Russian conservatories as a unified educational system.
It presents key data that influenced the development of professional music education. The methodology is based on a historical, cultural, and comparative analytical approach. The analysis is conducted across a number of parameters: the chronology of its founding, the institutional forms of its development, and the contributions of outstanding musicians and educators.
The review is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet. It is shown that the development of conservatory education was closely linked to the activities of the Russian Musical Society and, later, to state cultural policy. It is established that the leading roles in the development of the system were played by the major centers–the St. Petersburg and Moscow Conservatories–which ensured the continuity of professional traditions. In conclusion, it is concluded that the modern system of conservatory education in Russia was formed as a result of long-term historical development and maintains the continuity of key educational and cultural principles.
Key words: music education in Russia, Russian Musical Society, conservatory, history of conservatories.

Smerdov M.I.

Studying the history of the Irbit fair

This article examines the All-Russian Irbit Fair from the mid-18th century to the present day. Scholarly study of the history of Irbit and the Irbit Fair dates back to G.F. Miller, who in his fundamental "History of Siberia" chronicled the emergence of the Irbit settlement. Subsequently, the history of the All-Russian Irbit Fair was studied by the renowned Ural regional historian N.K. Chupin, the Soviet historian V.A. Aleksandrov, the geographer L.E. Iofe, and other historians and regional specialists. L.E. Iofe introduced the concept of the "riddle" of Irbit into scholarly circulation – the problem of the Irbit Fair's enormous economic significance and its sustainability, given the city's unimpressive economic and geographical location – a problem that remains unresolved to this day. Modern historiography of the Irbit Fair is characterized by the beginning of research into the ancient barter fair on the site of modern-day Irbit and the appearance of works dedicated to the revival of the Irbit Fair.
Key words: Irbit fair, "riddle" of Irbit, ancient barter fair on the site of modern Irbit, scientific Irbit studies.

Stroganov D.O.

Dazhdbog as the supreme deity of the Slavs and a presumed figure in a Slavic myth

The author demonstrates that, in the original Slavic myth from which the Russian bylina Ivan Gostinyi Syn and the Bulgarian songs based on the plot “the hero outraces the sun” developed, Dazhdbog played the role later occupied by the Sun and Prince Vladimir. The article also demonstrates that Dazhdbog, rather than Perun, was originally the head of the pantheon of Ancient Rus’ and the patron deity of princes; Perun rose to supremacy only under Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
Key words: Dazhdbog, Dazhbog, Perun, Svyatovit, Vladimir's pantheon, "Ivan the Gostiny Son", "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", Slavic mythology, Russian epic, Vladimir's pagan reform.

Sun Ying
Chernova A.V.

Traditional family and ethical values in Chinese literature and cinema at the end of the 20th century

The article examines traditional family and ethical values in Chinese literature and cinema. The following methods were used in the study: historical and cultural method, stylistic analysis and semiotic approach. The artistic sources of the article were the film and novel "Breakthrough in Guangdong", the novel "The Field of Life and Death" and the Drama "Heilong's Past". The article defines the most important value – respect for elders, which is a traditional value of the Chinese people. The researcher's conclusion is that traditional family and ethical values play an important role in literature and cinema in China at the end of the 20th century. And their core – respect for elders – provides the foundation for modern ethical construction.
Key words: traditional values, respect for elders, Breakthrough in Guangdong, Field of Life and Death, Heilong's Past, Chinese art, literature, cinema, turn of the 20th century.

Teng Ying
Yan Lan

A study of the depictions of Gandharvas performing music in the Guizi Caves

This article examines the “Depiction of Gandharvas Performing Music” from the Kucha Caves. Using methods of iconography and dance morphology, the article conducts a systematic analysis of the artistic characteristics and cultural content of the depictions of Gandharvas, taking into account three aspects: dance forms, the functions of musical instruments, and costumes. An analysis of the very essence of dance has shown that the “Depiction of Gandharvas Performing Music” is not only a visual embodiment of Guizi music and dance, but also a typical example of the fusion of the arts and cultural revival along the Silk Road, which is of great significance for the study of visual arts and dance in the context of understanding the process of the localization of Buddhist art and the history of cultural exchange between the East and the West.
Key words: Guizi Caves, depictions of dancing Gandharvas, Gandharvas, iconography, depictions of dance.

Maltseva L.V.

The artistic culture of the Kuban Cossacks and the present

Modern society is in the process of globalization, digitalization, and active intercultural interaction. In these conditions, ethnoculture – a set of traditions, values, and the language of a people – plays a key role in preserving identity. Globalization erases borders, but at the same time threatens the uniqueness of cultures. On the one hand, the Internet and social networks allow us to share our traditions, customs, and culture with other nations. On the other hand, there is a loss of national values. Every corner of our country has its own unique features, natural beauty, and artistic crafts. Traditions, culture, and customs begin where we live and create. In Kuban, the study of ethno-artistic culture takes place throughout one's life and is passed down from generation to generation. By fostering an appreciation of the art, culture, and history of the Kuban Cossacks, we ensure the preservation of historical continuity between two generations.
Key words: Cossacks, culture, customs, traditions, education, history, and handicrafts.

Wan Rui
Li Jing
Li Ping

Ways to support the development of traditional regional culture by local universities in Heilongjiang Province

The regional cultural heritage preserved by the local population, as the embodiment of outstanding traditional Chinese culture, plays a huge role in the implementation of the state strategy of cultural modernization of society in China in the new era. Heilongjiang Province has a variety of distinctive cultural resources, including the fishing and hunting customs of the border ethnic minorities, the pioneering spirit of the people of the Great Northern Wasteland, the art of ice carving and other types of folk crafts and arts formed on the Sino-Russian border. Universities located in the northern border region naturally have the comprehensive task of studying, preserving, creatively developing and spreading the regional cultural heritage. Using the example of Heihe University, this article examines the role of higher education institutions in preserving and transmitting the traditional cultural heritage of Heilongjiang Province. The multifaceted practical value of universities in promoting the development of local culture in Heilongjiang Province is analyzed, as well as the problems that arise in the process of preserving and transmitting local culture, such as the fragmented structure of cultural curricula at universities, insufficient integration of industry and business into the cultural development of the region and the conduct of relevant research, as well as lagging methods of digital dissemination of cultural information. The authors present ways to optimize the support of local higher education institutions for the preservation and dissemination of Heilongjiang Province’s culture: strengthening cultural and moral education of students, expanding opportunities for academic research, developing long-term cooperation between educational institutions and local authorities, expanding ways to disseminate information about the culture of the region through digital media and providing support from business and public organizations.
Key words: cultural development, higher education institutions, traditional culture of Heilongjiang Province, innovation in traditional culture.

Voronkova A.S.

From facet to rondo, from light to sign: Vrubel and Kuidzhi in Yuri Kosagovsky's artistic system

The article examines typological parallels between the oeuvre of Yuri Kosagovsky (1941–2023) and two significant traditions in Russian art, represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Arkhip Kuindzhi. The aim of the study is to determine how Kosagovsky's artistic system transforms, on the one hand, the Symbolist model of rendering the invisible and Lermontov's demonology, and on the other, the tradition of the luminous nocturnal landscape. The material comprises works from Kosagovsky's Lermontov cycle, such as «Demon and Tamara», «Mtsyri», «The Year Will Come», «Triptych. Demon. 2. Premonition», as well as «Night Road. Moscow» (1988) and an early still life associated with the artist's engagement with Vrubel. The methods employed include comparative-typological, formal-stylistic, iconographic, and source-study approaches. It is demonstrated that the Kosagovsky–Vrubel and Kosagovsky–Kuindzhi parallels are of different natures. The former is grounded in a shared literary source, Kosagovsky's sustained interest in Vrubel, and his interpretation of the Demon as a metaphysical state; the latter is based primarily on the typology of the nocturnal landscape and the function of light as a meaning-generating principle. In his "rondism," the crystalline multiplicity of form is transformed into a system of rounded modules, while concentrated natural light is converted into a distributed, signifying pulsation of the pictorial surface. It is concluded that Kosagovsky does not reproduce historical models but actualizes them as elements of an individual painterly metapoetics.
Key words: Yuri Kosagovsky, Rondism, Mikhail Vrubel, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Mikhail Lermontov, Demon, nocturnal landscape, light, artistic tradition, typological analysis.

Galaganova S.G.

"Along the uncontacted strands of continents..." The world of Japanese culture in the works of Milana Aldarova

Reciprocal implication of national cultures is treated as the main way to overcome the growing self-isolation of civilizations. Milana Aldarova's book “In Search of Japan” is presented and analysed as a successful attempt to penetrate into traditional Japanese world outlook and “translate” it into the language of poetry. The essentials of hieroglyphic culture, deeply explored by Russian poet, reveal philosophical background of Japanese mind. Transformed into poetical discourse, it enables to make extraordinary cultural identity of a unique Far Eastern civilization evident and accessible for Russian audience.
Key words: Milana Aldarova, «In Search of Japan», self-isolation of cultures, Japanese tradition, hieroglyphic culture, dialogue of civilizations, mutual penetration of cultures.

Demianova A.D.

Updating the methodology for performing Grand rond de jambe jete in contemporary classical choreography

The relevance of the problem is determined by significant changes in the physical and technical capabilities of twenty-first-century ballet dancers, while the methodological requirements of classical dance, established in the early twentieth century, have remained largely unchanged. Contemporary dancers demonstrate greater flexibility, a wider range of motion, and increased body mobility.
Key words: methodological requirements, classical dance, ballet, contemporary dancers, Vaganova methodology.

Lee Yeon Ok

Symbolism in Russian painting and the cultural dialogue of M.V. Nesterov: travel notes of 1889 – A Bakhtinian Analysis

The article analyses the work of M.V. Nesterov as a symbolist artist in the context of the Russian cultural Renaissance at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Drawing on M.M. Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue and the post-Bakhtinian research tradition, the author interprets Nesterov’s European journeys as a space of intercultural dialogue, in which the “other word” of Western European art is transformed into “one’s-other” through the principles of estrangement (vnenakhodimost’) and the creative core of personality. Particular emphasis is placed on the 1889 journey as a catalyst for the creation of the cycle of images of St Sergius of Radonezh, which became the central religious and iconographic motif in the artist’s oeuvre.
Key words: M.V. Nesterov, Symbolism, Silver Age, M. Bakhtin, Dialogue of cultures.

Lykova N.N.
Gasanova V.T.
Andreychenko O.I.

Some aspects of the incorporation of the Taurida Governorate into the socio-cultural space of the Russian Empire in the 18th – early 20th centuries

This article provides a cultural analysis of Crimea's integration into Russia's imperial space from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. The peninsula's reunification with the Russian Empire is viewed as a special case of the historical and cultural process of great-power formation. The relevance of this study is informed by a general theoretical understanding of the state's imperial policy model, with the city's emergence as the administrative center of the newly created Taurida Governorate playing a key role. The comprehensive history of the provincial capital, framed against the backdrop of cultural, historical, political, and economic processes, and taking into account the influence of natural, climatic, and political factors, allows the city to be seen as a municipality and a distinct sociocultural space with its inherent value systems and the spiritual atmosphere of the 18th to early 20th centuries.
Key words: incorporation, cultural analysis, geopolitical factors, provincial capital, municipality, Russian Empire, administrative unit, Tauride Governorate, historical core, Petrovskaya Sloboda, semicircular square, spiritual atmosphere, Cathedral, three-beam scheme.

Ma Haijun

The concept of visual artistic creation in the semiotic context of intercultural interaction

This article examines the mechanisms of meaning generation in visual artistic creation within the context of intercultural interaction from a semiotic perspective. Amidst globalization, visual artistic creation is conceptualized as a visual sign system and serves as a crucial mediator in cultural dialogue. The author elucidates the logic underlying the transformation of signs across diverse cultural contexts, emphasizing the determinative role of cultural concepts in visual expression. The study substantiates the thesis that visual artistic creation constitutes an effective pathway toward achieving intercultural understanding and fostering multipolar coexistence.
Key words: visual artistic creation, semiotics, intercultural interaction, dialogue of cultures, symbolism.

Shcherbakova E.N.

"Vasnetsovsky trace" in the village of Chumoy: history, memory, preservation of heritage

This publication is devoted to the study of the connection between the village of Chuma in the Igrinsky district of the Udmurt Republic and the Vasnetsov family through the fate of the clergyman of the Chumoysky Church of the Epiphany of the Lord and the teacher of the parish school Nikolai Fedorovich Vasnetsov. Nikolai Fedorovich was related to the famous artists Viktor Mikhailovich and Apollinarius Mikhailovich Vasnetsov in the sixth generation and left his mark on the Igrinsky land. 
The article shows that the "Vasnetsov trail" in the village of Chumoy is not just an episode of local history, but a living process: from local history research, work with archival documents and the search for descendants of the minister to practical steps in preservation and popularization. Work in this direction contributes not only to preserving the memory of a particular person and temple, but also spiritually revives the village, involves residents in the study of their past, which is important both for residents of the village of Chumoy and for understanding the overall picture of Russia's cultural heritage, as it helps to preserve the versatility of Russian culture and its connection with local stories.
Key words: "Vasnetsov's footprint", temple, priest, teacher, "Descendants and legacy", "Vasnetsov's multicolored colors", "Vasnetsov's symbols of eternity", bibliotour “Across the Fatherland’s Expanses with Vasnetsov”».

Demidov A.V.

Big Data Diplomacy

The article attempts to define the concept of "big data". The key characteristics of big data are given. The sources producing big data are indicated. The points of view of Russian and foreign researchers on big data as a new phenomenon are analyzed. The sources of this phenomenon are considered, and the problems associated with it are emphasized. At the same time, special attention is paid to the need to comply with the requirements of ethics and confidentiality. 
The author, who has worked for decades in the diplomatic service and is currently engaged in scientific research, examines the impact of big data on science and diplomacy. It is emphasized that the emergence of big data can have both positive and negative effects on science and international diplomacy. The author draws parallels with another emerging phenomenon known as scientific diplomacy. The article highlights the potential and feasibility of incorporating big data into diplomacy. The possibility and expediency of borrowing some conceptual principles from scientific diplomacy by big data diplomacy is noted. 
Special attention is paid to the fact that the emergence of big data and its impact on human society, including science and diplomacy, as a crucial tool is being strengthened by the development of artificial intelligence.
Key words: informatization, information volume, big data, volume, transmission/receipt speed, diversity, reliability, variability, value, science, data sources, diplomacy, analysis, processing, information transfer, scientific diplomacy, information diplomacy, data diplomacy, artificial intelligence.

Kalabekova S.V.
Berezhnova O.V.
Borokova I.D.

Axiological orientations of modern students: from pragmatism to social responsibility

The relevance of the study is due to the need to understand the value transformations in the student environment in the context of globalization, digitalization, and economic instability. The article examines the axiological orientations of modern Russian students as a dynamic social group that reflects societal transformations. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches and empirical studies, the author identifies the binary nature of students' value dominants, which combine pragmatic attitudes (the desire for material well-being, career success, and individualism) and values of social responsibility. It is argued that this dualism is not a value chaos, but rather an adaptation strategy to the challenges of a digital risk society. The article focuses on the factors that contribute to the development of social responsibility, including the educational environment and innovative practices such as "service learning." The author concludes that a hybrid axiological model is emerging, and there is a trend towards a shift from "pure" pragmatism to socially responsible pragmatism, where personal success is achieved through socially meaningful activities.
Key words: axiological orientations, students, pragmatism, social responsibility, value dominants, service learning, digitalization, hybrid value model, youth policy.

Ternovaya L.O.

Meeting Place: Secrets of Communication Semantics

This article, using an interdisciplinary approach, analyzes iconic urban meeting places – fountains, clock squares, embankments, bookstores, and cafes–as complex semiotic and communicative phenomena. These locations are viewed not simply as functional elements of infrastructure, but as active participants in human interaction, possessing deep semantics and capable of organizing communication, setting a rhythm, and shaping a distinctive chronotope. Through the prism of concepts of liminality, the "third place," and cultural codes, the nature of their enduring appeal is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the intersection as a semiotic model accumulating the meanings of choice, boundary, connection, and transition. It is concluded that the enduring appeal of these spaces is due to their ability to adapt to changing contexts, satisfying fundamental human needs for communication, contemplation, belonging, and time-consciousness – qualities unattainable in a virtual environment.
Key words: urban semiotics, meeting place, chronotope, liminality, third place, communication, urban spaces, fountain, embankment, clock square, bookstore, café, intersection, urban anthropology, cultural code, attractiveness, communitas.

Khitarova I.Yu.
Kolistratova A.V.
Korableva S.A.
Nikolaeva E.A.

Scientific discourse as an object of linguodidactics: structure, characteristics and principles of modeling in the educational process

The article substantiates the relevance of the discursive approach in postgraduate language education. The subject of the study is the linguodidactic analysis of scientific discourse, considered in the unity of three aspects: as a model of speech behavior, a type of intellectual activity, and a speech product. The authors identify the key characteristics of scientific discourse (communicative situations, structural organization, cohesion, intertextuality) and determine the principles of their adaptation in the educational process. In conclusion, the requirements for constructing teaching of written scientific discourse based on the reproduction of its system-forming properties are formulated.
Key words: scientific discourse, linguodidactics, postgraduate education, teaching foreign languages, discursive approach, written scientific discourse, characteristics of discourse, cohesion, intertextuality, communicative situations.

Polyakova Ya.N.
Vilkova A.V.

The system of educational work of the penitentiary system of Russia

The article discusses the issue of educational work in the penal system.
The purpose of the educational work of the penitentiary system is to correct the convict.
Research methods: analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documentation, generalization, classification, methods of persuasion and stimulation.
The system of educational work in the penal system (UIS) is a complex pedagogical and social process designed to break the vicious circle of crime.
Key words: educational system, convicts, correction, penal system, legislation.

Lavrikova I.N.

Emotional burnout and «quiet quitting»: a modern deontological thesaurus

A notable phenomenon in recent years in the labor market has been the situation of «quiet quitting» («going underground» or «quiet departure»), which has been described in publications in Russian and foreign scientific journals. Since domestic science does not cover this phenomenon as actively, this article is intended to draw attention to the phenomenon as a trend and to summarize the theoretical provisions of such a persistent scenario in labor communication. In particular, its signs and consequences are examined, which lead to uncomfortable working conditions and, as a result, to a decline in the company’s efficiency.
The article examines the grounds for transforming approaches to human resource management in the context of the spread of the «quiet quitting» phenomenon. It substantiates the need to revise the principles of modern management at any level, which will not only help prevent the development of the «quiet quitting» scenario but also contribute to creating an environment conducive to sustained staff loyalty and productivity.
Key words: employee engagement, burnout, flexible working, management, staff motivation, organizational culture, work meaningfulness, occupational stress, burnout syndrome, «quiet quitting», human resource management, emotional intelligence.

Gavrilyuk N.P.
Dediu E.I.

Felt interleaving in hand papermaking: technological role and historical reasons for its introduction

When pressing wet sheets, European papermakers place pieces of woollen felt between them, commonly referred to as interleaving felt. According to available evidence, this practice became established in Western Europe around the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. For a long time, it was believed that without such interleaving, the sheets would inevitably stick together, making the production process impossible. The present study, based on the results of experimental reconstructions and field observations of practitioners of the craft, offers a critical reassessment of this assumption. The analysis draws on materials from long-term reproductions of historical processes carried out by craftsmen and researchers at the Moulin du Verger paper mill in the commune of Puymoyen, as well as on observations conducted in Bucharest. The synthesis of these data leads to the conclusion that interleaving felt is not a technical necessity in the production of paper from beaten rag pulp. The non-adhesion of sheets to one another is determined not by the presence of interleaving materials, but by the physics of the fibre itself – the quality of its distribution in the aqueous medium and the nature of the inter-fibre bonds that form as moisture is removed. On this basis, the study discusses a hypothesis shared by several specialists: that felt was introduced not to «save» the sheet-forming operation, but as a response to a different production need – the transition to mass drying of paper on ropes, which in turn required substantially stronger pressing. The research is interdisciplinary in nature, combining approaches from experimental archaeology, the physical chemistry of cellulose, and the history of technology.
Key words: hand papermaking, interleaving felt, nagashizuki (wet-laid sheet formation), plant-based dispersant (neri), hydrogen bonding, cellulose fibres, Islamic paper, Fabriano.

Adzhieva Z.I.
Borlakova F.A.
Khubiev I.Kh.

The genesis of public administration in the Russian empire: from nakaz to police law (18th – early 20th centuries)

The article presents a historical-legal analysis of the formation of the public administration system in the Russian Empire from the 18th to the early 20th century. The relevance of the study stems from contemporary debates on the reform of the state apparatus and the search for an optimal model of interaction between government and society. The author examines the evolution of administrative-legal institutions from scattered royal decrees and instructional mandates to a codified system of police law, which served as the historical predecessor of modern administrative law. The paper traces the continuity between the prikaz system of the Muscovite state, Peter the Great's collegia, Catherine the Great's provincial institutions, and the ministerial system of the 19th century. Special attention is paid to the doctrinal contributions of Russian administrative law scholars (A.D. Gradovsky, N.M. Korkunov, I.T. Tarasov, A.I. Yelistratov) and their role in shaping the scientific foundations of public administration. Institutional imbalances are analyzed, particularly the absence of administrative justice and the broad discretion granted to provincial authorities, which became one of the causes of the systemic crisis in the early 20th century. It is concluded that the evolution of public administration reflected deep contradictions in Russian state development, and the experience of the pre-revolutionary period remains relevant for contemporary administrative reforms.
Key words: public administration, police law, administrative law, Russian Empire, state control, administrative justice, reforms, bureaucracy, genesis of institutions, historical-legal analysis.

Deineka V.R.

The fallacy of the evolutionary thesis about the “childishness” of pagan consciousness: methodological aspects

The article criticizes the notion of pagan consciousness as "childish" or "primitive" rooted in religious studies of the XIX–XX centuries. Based on the material of Scandinavian cosmogonic myths and Slavic calendar systems, it is demonstrated that archaic religious forms have an internal complexity that is not inferior to later systems, but organized according to different principles. Using the theory of non-identity of M.I. Steblin-Kamensky and the structural analysis of K. Levi-Strauss substantiates the position that pagan consciousness is not an "underdeveloped" version of later systems, but a qualitatively different type of world attitude. Three operational principles are proposed as a positive alternative to the evolutionary scale: the principle of functional equivalence, the principle of internal coherence, and the principle of historical incommensurability.
Key words: philosophy of religion, paganism, evolutionism, theory of non-identity, Steblin-Kamensky, Levi-Strauss, religious consciousness, structuralism, primitivism, ontogenesis, polytheism, critique of evolutionism.

Dmitriev G.G.
Bodyakov V.N.

Cybercriminal committing crimes against the individual: a psychological and forensic portrait

The article examines the psychological and forensic aspects of identifying and investigating crimes against the person committed using information and telecommunications networks. The authors have identified typical personality traits of a cybercriminal and, based on this, have formulated practical recommendations for investigative actions. Based on an analysis of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice (including under Articles 110 and 110.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), a two-group typology of suspects has been proposed – those with pronounced and those with mild mental disorders – along with a description of their psycho-emotional characteristics. An algorithm for the investigator’s actions has been developed: examining the suspect before interrogation, studying their digital profile, and ordering psychological-psychiatric and psychological-linguistic examinations. The practical significance lies in increasing the efficiency of collecting admissible evidence and reducing resistance to the investigation; the recommendations are applicable in investigative practice and when forming private criminalistics.
Key words: criminal identity, internet-resource, crimes against a person's identity, information and telecommunication network, deviation, personality traits, forensic support for crime investigation, digital profile.

Kalabekova S.V.
Sokolova O.V.
Alekseeva K.S.

Society in the mirror of epidemics

The article examines the epidemic not as an isolated biomedical incident, but as a complex social organism in which natural, cultural, political, and existential dimensions intertwine. Drawing on philosophical concepts (from Thucydides to Foucault and Sorokin) and historical  medical research, the author demonstrates that mass infectious outbreaks simultaneously act as a mirror of society (revealing its hidden structures, values, and contradictions), a catalyst for social transformations (changing demographics, the economy, and institutions), and a testing ground for power techniques – from quarantine discipline to the biopolitics of risk. Particular attention is paid to the processes of the social construction of epidemic reality, the medicalization of everyday life, and the paradoxical combination of the breakdown of social ties with the emergence of new forms of solidarity. The author concludes that the collective experience of pandemics does not change human biology, but rather the social imagination, ideas about the norm, the boundaries of individual freedom, and the legitimacy of state intervention, which makes understanding epidemics one of the key tasks of modern social philosophy and historical anthropology.
Key words: social pathology, biopolitics, disciplinary practices, social construction of reality, historical anthropology, anomie, solidarity, power and knowledge, pandemic as an event, quarantine model, risk society.

Kisnyashkin I.G.

Parish priests as the embodiment of the "true mission" in the context of socio-cultural transformations of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries

This article examines the missionary influence of rural parish clergy in provincial Russia during the modernization transformations of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The author examines the role of the priest in strengthening Orthodoxy among parishioners in the Mordovian region during a period of disintegration of traditional social foundations and cultural values. The study's cultural discourse presents missionary influences as a factor in strengthening cultural bonds amid the loss of traditions and defining values in rural society.
Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, missionary work, Mordovia region, rural parishes, parish priest, internal mission, cultural guidelines, spiritual and moral values.

Kuptsova A.A.
Shendakova O.A.

State regulation of gender policy in Modern China: Confucian tradition and gender equality

The study examines the contradictory nature of the transformation of gender roles in contemporary China: while the country demonstrates progress in women`s education and professional achievement, women continue to face pressure from traditional patriarchal norms in everyday life and within the family. The aim of the study is to prove that the ideological promotion of traditional family and marriage values and the systemic legislative measures for the protection of women`s rights in the PRC are not conflicting policy directions, but rather function as complementary mechanisms of state regulation. The research combines a social constructivist approach to the study of gender, hermeneutic analysis of texts, and methods of synthesis and generalization. The findings show that the state simultaneously pursues two policy lines: on the one hand, it actively promotes traditional family values; on the other, it adopts legislative acts protecting women from discrimination in employment, property and family spheres. The author concludes that this duality does not indicate inconsistency of the policy, but rather represents a deliberate strategy of state pragmatism aimed at solving demographic and economic challenges.
Key words: gender policy, PRC, Confucianism, gender roles, state regulation, women's rights, family values, demographic crisis, state pragmatism, All-China Women's Federation.

Surnina O.A.
Khomyakova Y.Y.
Zhemaeva E.A.

Dynamic exercise complex as a means of improving physical fitness and joint mobility of university students

Modern physical education of university students is aimed not only at developing physical abilities but also at improving functional capabilities, movement quality, and preventing musculoskeletal disorders. The article presents the results of the development and experimental verification of a methodology based on a dynamic exercise complex in the process of students’ physical education. The methodology includes functional assessment of joint mobility, preparatory and corrective exercises, dynamic mobilization of muscle groups, and preparation of the body for physical activity. The study demonstrated that the systematic application of the proposed complex contributes to improving physical fitness indicators, flexibility, movement performance quality, and functional mobility of students. The developed methodology can be recommended for implementation in the educational process of higher education institutions.
Key words: physical education of university students, dynamic exercise complex, functional mobility, physical fitness, functional assessment, injury prevention.

Gavrilyuk N.P.
Dediu E.I.

Regional parchment-making technologies and the miniaturization of the bible in the thirteenth century: codicological and palaeoproteomic analysis

This article examines the role played by the writing support in the rapid reduction of the Latin Bible's format during the thirteenth century. The study is based on a corpus of 2,109 complete Latin Bibles, of which 1,300 are classified as portable; the codicological description is supplemented by data from non-invasive palaeoproteomics. Tracing the trajectory of parchment from ancient Asia Minor to the Parisian workshops of the High Middle Ages, the author argues that the decisive condition for the «compression» of the biblical text was not the legendary embryonic skin (pergamenum abortivum), but extremely thin vellum produced through the refinement of entirely conventional tanning operations. Instrumental measurements of membrane thickness, carried out on 93 manuscripts, reveal consistent correlations between leaf thickness, codex format, book-block volume, quire structure, and the degree of textual abbreviation; a geographical differentiation of the species-specific raw material is also identified. This leads to the conclusion that the physical characteristics of parchment have diagnostic value for localising medieval books.
Key words: parchment, portable Bible, 13th century, miniaturization, vellum, paleoproteomics, codicology, Paris Bible, membrane thickness.